HISTORY(XII)-THEME - 11 REBELS AND THE RAJ (QUE ANSWERS)

 

HISTORY(XII)-THEME - 11

REBELS AND THE RAJ

(QUE ANSWERS)

 

OTQ (1 MARKS)

Q.1. The region of India which actively participated in the Revolt of 1857?

Ans-North India

Q2. Storeroom in which weapons are kept

Ans-Bell of Arms

Q.3, The Indian ruler who blessed the Revolt of 1857 was?

Ans- Bahadurshah Zafar

Q.4. Major towns that became objects of rebel wrath__________.

Ans- Kanpur, Lucknow, Barilly, Jhanshi

Q.5. A collective disobedience of rules and regulations within the armed forces is known as

Ans- Mutiny

Q.6. A rebellion of people against established authority and power is called_______.

Ans-Revolt

Q.7. After the annexation of Awadh, Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to which place.

Ans- Kolkata

Q.8. Subsidiary Alliance was imposed on Awadh in which year?

Ans-1801

Q.9. Which Governor General described Awadh as "a cherry that will drop into our mouth one day"?

Ans- Lord Dalhousie

 Q.10. State the term used for representative of The Governor General who direct British rule.

Ans-Resident

Q12. Which method was adopted by the mutineers to spread their views?

Ans- Proclamations or ishtihars

Q.13. Which state was popular as nursery of the Bengal army?

Ans-Awadh

Q14. One positive feature witnessed was during the revolt was______.

Ans- Unity among Hindu and Muslims

Q.15. The Governor General who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance

Ans-Lord Wellesely

Q.16. Nana Saheb was the successor of _____________.

Ans- Peshwa Bajirao II

Q17. Which Governor General has given the credited with reforming Indian society?

Ans-Lord Dalhousie

Q18. Mention any two rumours that played a vital part in moving people

Ans- Cartridges were greased with fat of cow and pigs. Dust of bones mixed in flour.

Q19. The commander of the British forces, whose entry into Lucknow was celebrated in Barkers painting.

Ans- Colin Campbell

Q.20. Name the celebrated painter of the famous paintings given below: Relief of Lucknow and In Memoriam

Ans- Thomas Jones Barker and Joseph Noel Paton

Q21. Who was the wife of Nawab of Awadh who participated in the revolt?

Ans- Begam Hazarat Mahal

Q.22. Which Settlement was introduced in Awadh in 1856?

Ans- Summary Settlement

Q.23. The leader of the Revolt of 1857 who escaped to Nepal.

Ans- Nana Saheb

Q.24. What was the immediate cause for the mutiny of 1857?

Ans. In 1857, there was rumour that the soldiers were given new cartridges    coated with the fat of cows and pigs.

Q.25. What was Subsidiary Alliance System?

Ans. It was a system devised by Lord Wellesley in 1798.

Q.26. Why is the Mutiny of 1857 called a struggle for independence?

Ans. People from all sections came together to fight against the British rule .

Q.27. What was the Doctrine of Lapse theory?

Ans. It was the policy of Dalhousie, the then Governor General. This Doctrine was based on the idea that in case a ruler of dependent state died childless, the right of ruling over the state lapsed to the sovereign.

Q.28. When and who annexed Awadh into British Empire?

Ans. Awadh was annexed into British Empire by Lord Dalhousie in 1856.

Q.29. What were the main reasons behind the failure of the mutiny of 1857?

Ans. (i) Lack of good and effective leadership.

(ii) Superior strategy and military power of British.

Q.30.Who introduced subsidiary alliance? Name four powers which accepted it?

Ans. Lord Wellesley introduced subsidiary alliance. Hyderabad, Awadh, Mysore, Surat, Tanjor were early subsidiary states.

Q.31. Give two military causes for revolt of 1857?

Ans. (1) British officers showed sense of superiority.

(2) Greased cartridges.

Q.32. Why was the revolt in Awadh so extensive?

Ans. (1) The British dethroned Nawab Wazid Ali Shah.

(2) Zamindars, Talukadars and peasants did not like British.

Q.33. Mention two economic causes for revolt of 1857?

Ans. (1) Peasants were exploited by British and moneylenders.

(2) Craftmen were jobless.

Q.34. Which four centres of the revolt were more aggressive against British?

Ans. Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi, Gwalior.

Q35. Who was the leader form the Chotanagpur region from Kol tribes?

Ans-Ganoo, from Singhbhum
Q36. Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah was declare the leader of revolt by which army.

Ans-22nd Native Infantry

Q.37. Who was the leader in the battle of Chinhat?

Ans- Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah against governor- Henry Lawrance.

Q.38. Who attempted to modernise the equipment of the army?

Ans- Governor General, Hardinge

Q.39. On which day there is a century of Plassey war to be celebrated.

Ans- 23 June 1857.

Q40. In December 1857, the British spent Rs 50,000 to incite the Hindu population against the Muslims on which place?

Ans- In Bareilly in western Uttar Pradesh.

Q41. What was the name of pleasure garden which was built by Awadh nawab in Lucknow.

Ans- Secundrah Bagh.

Q.42. Who wrote this poem “Khoob lari mardani woh to Jhansi wali rani thi”

Ans- Subhadra Kumari Chauhan

 

Sr no	Name of image	Painter/Magazine	Year
1.	Relief of Lucknow	Thomas Jones Barker	1859
2.	IN Memorium	Joseph Noel Paton	1859
3.	Ms.wheeler’s painting	unknown
4.	The clemency of Canning	Punch	24 October 1857
5.	Justice,	Punch Magazine	12 September 1857
6.	The British Lion’s Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger	Punch	1857

 

S. A. (3 Marks)

Q.1. Why did the mutinous sepoys in many places turn to erstwhile rulers to provide leadership to the revolt?

Ans.   (1) Native rulers were natural leader of the people.

(2) They believed that Hindu Muslim unity is compulsory.

(3) They wafnted to restore the pre-British world.

(4) Delhi was capital city in Mughal India and last Mughal emperor was there so rebels requested him for the leadership.

(5) Mostly, kings had experience of leadership and organization.

Q.2. What were the measures taken to ensure unity among the rebels?

Ans.   (1) Both Hindus and Muslims requested Bahadur Shah for leadership.

(2) The proclamation issued during the revolt, appealed to all sections equally.

(3) The sentiments of both communities were respected and cared.

(4) The posters glorified the pre-British unity.

(5) Hindus and Muslims were equally member of the military commanding committee.

Q.3. What steps did the British took to quell the uprising?

Ans.   (1) Marshall Law was clamped throughout the north India.

(2) All Englishmen were empowered to punish Indians.

(3) The common process of law and trial was brought to an end.

(4) British army assisted from many sides.

(5) Many native states assisted against rebels.

(6) Rebels were cruelly punished.

Q.4. Discuss the extent to which religious beliefs shaped the revolt of 1857.

Ans.   (1) Common Indian people did not like new education system without any discrimination.

(2) Study of Bible was compulsory in missionary schools.

(3) Christianity was common in Jails.

(4) A law was passed which enabled converted Christian to inherit his ancestral property.

(5) Under general service Enlistment act every new service undertook to serve anywhere in India.

(6) The government decided to replace the old guns by the new rifles.

(7) Abolition of sati and other social reforms.

Q.5. Discuss the evidences that indicated planning and coordination on the part of rebels.

Ans.   (1) Mostly cantonments soldiers were revolting.

(2) The rebels after revolting in Meeru set out for Delhi immediately. They wanted support of the Mughal emperor.

(3) The messengers were working for transmitting news from one place to another.

(4) Native officers' panchayats were convened at night and collective decisions were taken.

(5) To send chapattis from one place to another place was common.

(6) New administration was established.

Q.6 What were strengths and weaknesses of the revolt of 1857?

Ans. Strengths-

(1) Complete cooperation between Hindus and Muslims,

(2) Common people were also revolting,

(3) All rebels wanted freedom.

Weakness-

(1) The revolt failed to spread to all areas,

(2) All communities did not support,

(3) Many rulers were supporter of British,

(4) The rebel leaders were suspicious and jealous of each other,

(5) The rebel soldiers were not well equipped.

Q.7. What was Subsidiary Alliance System?

Ans.   (i) It was a system devised by Lord Wellesley in 1798.

(ii) According to its terms, the British would be responsible for protecting their ally from external and internal threats to their power.

(iii) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed, whose expenditure would be borne by the ally.

Q.8. Why is the Mutiny of 1857 called a struggle for independence?

Ans.   (i) People from all sections came together to fight against the British rule.

(ii) Every thing and everybody connected with the white men was targeted by the people.

(iii) The rebel proclamations in 1857 repeatedly appealed to all sections of the population irrespective of their caste and religion.

Q.10. Rumours and prophecies played an important part in moving people to action before the Revolt of 1857.Explain.

Ans.   (i) There spread a rumour that the British had mixed bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour which was sold in the market.

(ii) A prophecy was made that on the centenary of the Battle of Plassey on 23rd June 1857, the British rule would come to an end.

(iii) The proclamations expressed the widespread fear that the British were bent on destroying the caste and religion of Hindus and Muslims and converting them to Christianity.

L. A. (8 Marks)

Q.1. Why was the revolt particularly widespread in Awadh? What prompted the peasants, Taluqdars and Zamindars to join the revolt?

Ans.   (1) All people of the Awadh did not like exploitative system of British.

(2) Wajid Ali Shah was a popular ruler and he had many sons but British dethroned him.

(3) All people of the Awadh wanted to restore rule of the Nawab.

(4) Begum Hazrat Mahal was leader of the rebels.

(5) Many great rebel leaders were also working in Awadh all people were dissatisfied.

(6) Taluqdars’ troops were disbanded and forts were destroyed. The Taluqdars of Awadh badly suffered by Summary Settlement of land revenue.

(7) Zamindars’ zamindaris were snatched by British. The zamindars did not like activities of the British.

(8) Peasants did not like 50% land revenue, to deposit land revenue was compulsory so farmers were selling their properties.

Q.2. What did the rebels want? To what extent did the vision of different social groups differ?

Ans.   (1) The rebels wanted to root out the British authority from India and restore pre-British world.

(2) Interests of all classes of Indian society were hurt. It led to general resentment against the British among them.

(3) The rulers and jagirdars wanted to reoccupy their respective kingdoms and jagirs.

(4) Indian merchants wanted concessions in trade. They did not like interference in their accounts and transactions.

(5) The peasants wanted liberal land revenue with liberal means of realization. They also wanted to abolish exploitation by Zamindars and Sahukars.

(6) The government servants wanted good respect, salary, power and dignity.

(7) Indian artisans and craftsmen wanted good vocational conditions.

(8) Pandits, Fakirs and other learned persons wanted to protect Indian culture and religion.

Q.3. What do visual representation tell us about the revolt of 1857? How do historians analyse these representations?

Ans.   (1) The British artist presents the Britishers as heroes.

(2) As saviours the relief of Lucknow painted by Thomas Jones Barker is remarkable in this regard.

(3) Collin Campbell and Jones Outram captured Lucknow defeating the rebels. Recapturing of Lucknow has been described by the British as a symbol of survival, heroic resistance and ultimate triumph of British power.

(4) In Memoriam was famous painting of Joseph Noel. He expressed helplessness of English ladies and children.

(5) Miss Wheeler has been depicted as an example of defending heroic lady.

(6) The heroic image of Laxmibai inspired Indian for struggle.

(7) Cruel images of British were the symbol of revenge.

(8) Brutal images of Indian soldiers were the symbols of strangeness against British.

(9) Indian artist persuaded nationalism and patriotism in Indians.

Q.4. Critically examine the annexation policy of Awadh by Lord Dalhousie.

Ans. Annexation of Awadh was accomplished in stages:

(i) The Subsidiary Alliance had been imposed on Awadh in 1801.

(ii) British became increasingly more interested in acquiring the territory of Awadh.

(iii) It was felt that the soil of Awadh was good for producing indigo and cotton, thus had commercial value.

(iv) The takeover of Awadh in 1856 was expected to complete a territorial expansion started with Battle of Plassey.

(v) Finally on the accusation of misrule by the Nawab , Awadh was formally annexed to British Empire in 1856.

Q.5. what were the causes for the discontent among the soldiers before the mutiny of 1857.

Ans.   (i) Fear of new cartridges.

(ii) Grievance about leave and promotions.

(iii) Low salary compared to European soldiers at the same rank.

(iv) Fear of loss of their religions.

(v) Anger against misbehaviour.

(vi) Feeling of racial supremacy among the British.

(vii) Nexus between soldiers and villagers, i.e., impact of new land revenue settlements.

Q.6. What were the reasons behind the failure of the mutiny of 1857?

Ans.   (i) Lack of good and effective leadership.

(ii) The mutiny was not centralized.

(iii) Lack of resourses.

(iv) The revolt was poorly organized.

(v) The rebels had no common ideals.

(vi) Lack of co-ordination.

(vii) Some sections of people did not support the mutiny.

Q.6. A chain of grievances in Awadh linked the prince, taluqdars peasants and sepoys to join hands in the revolt of 1857 against the British." Examine the statement.

Ans. The Grievances of the Prince, Taluqdars, Peasants and Sepoys –

A whole complex of emotions and fees traditions and loyalties worked themselves out in the revolt of 1857

1.    Prince:

(i)             In Awadh, more than anywhere else, the revolt became an expression of popular resistance to an alien order.

(ii)           (ii) Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh Jost his authority due to mis-governance and exiled to Calcutta. Many of the taluqdars of Awadh were loyal to the Nawab of Awadh and they joined Begum Hazrat Mahal in Lucknow.

2.     Taluqdars:

(i)             The British land revenue policy further undermined the position and authority of  the taluqdars.

(ii)            After annexation, the first British revenue settlement, known as the Summary Settle ment of 1856, was based on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with no permanent stakes in land.

(iii)         The Summary Settlement proceeded to remove the taluqdars wherever possible.

(iv)         The increase of revenue demand in some place was 30 to 70%. Thus taluqdars were not happy with the annexation

 3. Peasants:

(i) British land revenue officers believed that by removing taluqdars they would be able to settle the land with the actual owners of the soil

(ii) And thus reduce the level of exploitation of peasants while increasing revenue returns for the state. But this did not happen in practice

(iii)         The revenue flows for the state increased but the burden of demand on the peasants did not decline. Thus neither taluqdars nor peasants had any reasons to be happy with the annexation.

4.    Sepoys

(i)             The grievances of the peasant were carried over into sepoy line since a vast majority of the sepoys were recruited from the villages of Awadh.

(ii)           For decades the sepoys had complained of low levels of pay and the difficulty of getting leave.

(iii)         The relationship of the sepoys with their superior white officers underwent a significant change in the years preceding the uprising of 1857.

(iv)         (iv) In the 1840s, the officers developed a sense of superiority and started treating the sepoys as their racial inferiors, riding roughshod over their sensibilities.

(v)           Abuse and physical violence became common and thus the distance between sepoys and officers grew.

(vi)         Trust was replaced by suspicion. The episode of the greased cartridges was a classic example of this.